Chi Test Results:
Null hypothesis: There is no significant difference between the frequencies of polymorphism in the two different habitats. There is not any significant variation between the expected and observed values.
Alternative hypothesis: There is significant difference between the frequencies of polymorphism in the two different habitats. There is significant variation between the expected and observed values.
Black
Green
Orange
Red
Yellow
Total
1
11
0
1
0
8
20
2
6
7
5
2
0
20
3
9
3
2
0
6
20
4
5
4
6
5
0
20
5
10
0
6
1
3
20
6
8
5
2
5
0
20
Total
49
19
22
13
17
120
Expected
49/6= 8.166667
19/6= 3.166667
22/6= 3.66667
13/6=
2.166667
17/6= 2.83333
As our expected value for both Red and Yellow fall below 3, we decided to group together Orange and Red in one category and Yellow and Green in another category.
Black
Green/yellow
Orange/red
Total
1
11
8
1
20
2
6
7
7
20
3
9
9
2
20
4
5
4
11
20
5
10
3
7
20
6
8
5
7
20
Total
49
36
35
120
Expected
49/6=8.166667
36/6= 6
35/6=5.83333
Grass 1
Black
Green/yellow
Orange/red
Total
Observed
11
8
1
20
Expected
6.66667
6.66667
6.66667
(O-E)2
18.7777778
1.77777778
32.1111111
(O-E)2/E
2.8166667
0.266667
4.8166667
7.9
P-value
0.019255
Shrub 1
Black
Green/yellow
Orange/red
Total
Observed
6
7
7
20
Expected
6.66667
6.66667
6.66667
(O-E)2
0.44444
0.11111
0.11111
(O-E)2/E
0.06666597
0.01666649
0.01666649
0.099999
P-value
0.951229
Grass 2
Black
Green/yellow
Orange/red
Total
Observed
9
9
2
20
Expected
6.66667
6.66667
6.66667
(O-E)2
5.444444
5.444444
21.77778
(O-E)2/E
0.81666619
0.81666619
3.26666537
4.89999775
P-value
0.08629369
Shrub 2
Black
Green/yellow
Orange/red
Total
Observed
5
4
11
20
Expected
6.66667
6.66667
6.66667
(O-E)2
2.77777
7.11111
18.77778
(O-E)2/E
0.41666529
1.06666597
2.81666559
4.29999685
P-value
0.11648428
Grass 3
Black
Green/yellow
Orange/red
Total
Observed
10
3
1
20
Expected
6.66667
6.66667
6.66667
(O-E)2
11.111111
13.44444
32.11111
(O-E)2/E
1.66666582
2.01666499
4.81666409
8.4999949
P-value
0.01426422
Shrub 3
Black
Green/yellow
Orange/red
Total
Observed
8
5
7
20
Expected
6.66667
6.66667
6.66667
(O-E)2
1.777778
2.77778
0.111111
(O-E)2/E
0.26666657
0.41666679
0.01666664
0.7
P-value
0.70468821
Majority our p values (excluding Grass 1 and 3) are greater than 0.05. If the p value is greater than 0.05 it is likely that the distribution is random and thus there is no significant difference in the frequency of polymorphism between the habitats. Therefore we fail to reject the null hypothesis at 5% significance.
On the other hand, for Grassland 1 and 3 the p value is less than 0.05, it is likely that the distribution is not random therefore we reject the null hypothesis in favour of the alternative hypothesis.
1
Black Orange Yellow
11 1 8
2
Black Green Orange Red
6 7 5 2
3
Black Green Orange Yellow
9 3 2 6
4
Black Green Orange Red
5 4 6 5
5
Black Orange Red Yellow
10 6 1 3
6
Black Green Orange Red
8 5 2 5
Chi Test Results:
Null hypothesis: There is no significant difference between the frequencies of polymorphism in the two different habitats. There is not any significant variation between the expected and observed values.
Alternative hypothesis: There is significant difference between the frequencies of polymorphism in the two different habitats. There is significant variation between the expected and observed values.
2.166667
As our expected value for both Red and Yellow fall below 3, we decided to group together Orange and Red in one category and Yellow and Green in another category.
Majority our p values (excluding Grass 1 and 3) are greater than 0.05. If the p value is greater than 0.05 it is likely that the distribution is random and thus there is no significant difference in the frequency of polymorphism between the habitats. Therefore we fail to reject the null hypothesis at 5% significance.
On the other hand, for Grassland 1 and 3 the p value is less than 0.05, it is likely that the distribution is not random therefore we reject the null hypothesis in favour of the alternative hypothesis.